I finally order a proper assortment of capacitors and resistor, and was able to breadboard my Sallen-Key filter designs. The circuit with 2x gain worked as expected, with a 0 to 10V response of 70ms and no oscillation at any duty cycle either.

The circuit is the same as the one I posted two logs ago (the last three pictures). I tweaked the "voltage follower" filter just a bit though. When I tested my first design I only had unreliable capacitors and it ended up being just a bunch of garbage. After fiddling with it for awhile I was able to get rid of the spiking oscillations with 100K resistors and 0.1uF caps. The zero to full scale response is also around the 70ms mark. Both of these circuits don't need to be fast at all but I just wanted to keep the response under a 1/10 of a second. I have absolutely no basis for that, it just felt like a good number to hit. I did play around with the PWM frequency as well today. I started testing using a 1kHz wave form but then upped it to 16kHz. Changing the frequency did nothing electrically (that I could tell) but higher is better because it keeps any hums out of the hearing range. Humans can hear from 20Hz to 20kHz but 16kHz is pretty damn high and you'll have a hard time hearing it. Sallen-Key frequency response goes right over my head. I tried to read a little bit about it but my eyes start to glaze over after dB's are mentioned to many times.