So, I remember reading about mtd partitions somewhere, and at the time I'm writing this log I believe they represent flash memory in embedded devices or something.

After what I can only describe as a painfully long ordeal, I set up a tftp server on my laptop and I managed to dump all of the four partitions to it. I'll now be using Ghidra to see which one of them is the bootloader, (I mean, I know it's mtd0 from the serial port logs, but I just want an excuse to use Ghidra). I'll see if I can also take a look at the SquashFS image and change the contents of it.

I'm not entirely sure as to if I can upload the binaries somewhere, but I'll see if I can later built a small (and more modern) Linux image and publish that instead.

I just used this command to dump the mtd partitions into files on my laptop:

tftp -p -l /dev/mtdblock/0 -r /mnt/tftp/mtd0.bin 192.168.1.2 69