My kids are like a lot of kids and scared of the dark, so I thought it might be cool to make a little electromagnetic shake lantern that uses a coil, magnet along with a super capacitor, joule thief circuit and led's to provide a nice battery free light that can be charged by "shaking" it.
The order of 32 awg magnet wire came in so I wrapped a new coil, this time I also designed and added some edges to make the wrap a bit easier, this makes it more like wrapping a spool and has small holes for wire to pass through which helps to organize the wire.
I did a 22 mm section in the middle with 10 layers which equals ~800 turns.
When testing with the same generic magnet setup as before (10x 1.5mm thick x 12mm magnets) I was now able to generate ~1.5v..
Testing with 2x 10mm thick x 12m N52 rated magnets that I ordered https://jc-magnetics.com/Magnet-Cylinders/Magnet-N52-12mm-12mm-Discs, I was able to get this up to 2.5v, not exactly as much as I really wanted, but should be enough to get it working..
Started prototyping the joule thief circuit to see if I needed to tweak the components a little.
I wound the toroid with x2 24" 28 awg lengths of magnet wire which ended up with ~23 Turns.
I then set up a basic run of the mill joule thief circuit.
Through testing I found that a 20k potentiometer worked better for providing a good dimmer control vs 5k. I placed the pot between one of the outputs of the toroid and the transistor base.
Manually charging the supercap with a battery to 3v allowed me to test the run time and voltage.
I was able to run a full 1m length of 5v cob led string for ~2-3 min from 3v all the way down to ~ .4v.
Built a coil to test the power generation using some 28 awg magnet wire.
After marking out ~25mm section in the middle of the 1/2" tubing I did 6 layers of 28 awg, gluing it every so often to ensure it didn't uncoil on me.
This came out to ~250-300 turns.
When testing with the magnets I was only able to generate ~.5 volts. I tried with both 5 magnets and 10 and it still roughly the same voltage output. I think I need to get more turns to get to a higher voltage.
The issue is with the 28 awg wire I am only able to go 1 or 2 more layers before I use up all of the space available for the outside 1" tubing. So I need to try switching out to a smaller gauge.
I went ahead and put in an order for some 32 awg which should give me close to 2x the turns in the same cross section.
I will also redesign the drill holder and a couple coil edges to help make the process a little easier next time. A tighter and neater coil should generate a higher voltage.
Updated and Refined the design to better fit the components. - Added a threaded top cap to allow for access to electronic components - Added a 2 piece base to allow a 9mm switched potentiometer to be used to turn the light on/off and dim. - Cleaned up the general design to make it look better.
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You can buy this kind of torch already. Unfortunately they are an abysmally bad design in terms of harvesting energy. You expend many times more energy to get your arm and torch than moving than the magnet. Then you waste that energy stopping your arm moving and sending it in the opposite direction. Inside the torch, the coil absorbs very little energy from the magnet. Most of the kinetic energy of the magnet goes into hitting the end of the container.
It would be better if the magnet was on a spring, so that it would bounce back and forth past the coil. Even better would be having a small dynamo attached to a flywheel that you start spinning with a piece of string round the axle (as used in gyroscopes).
Good point, I am aware they are not very efficient and that is ok. I will mess around and see how efficient I can make it. Good point on the springs or dynamo, I have thought it might be neat to design a mechanical mechanism that lets you use the kinetic energy of a moving weight to generate electricity.. My design does have a place to put repelling magnets in the end caps to give a spring effect, I will see if it works.
The magnet is only generating electricity when one of the poles (not both) is passing through the coil, so you want to have that as much of the time as you can. Not too much space where it can be completely outside the coil.
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