Introduction

Automatic street light controller are devices or systems designed to control the operation of street lights based on predefined conditions. They play a crucial role in managing the energy consumption of street lighting, improving overall efficiency, and reducing costs.

Traditional street lighting systems rely on manual operation or fixed timers, which can lead to wastage of energy and increased maintenance efforts. Automatic street light controllers address these issues by utilizing various sensors, timers, and control algorithms to optimize the operation of street lights.

We can see the full project on :

Automatic street light controller

Bill Of Materials

Objectives

The primary objective of an automatic street light controller is to ensure that street lights are turned on and off at the appropriate times, based on factors such as ambient light levels, time of day, and traffic conditions. By utilizing light sensors, the controller can detect the amount of natural light available and adjust the street lighting accordingly. During daytime or in well-lit areas, the controller may dim or turn off the lights to conserve energy. In contrast, during nighttime or in areas with low light levels, the controller activates the street lights to provide adequate illumination.

Circuit Diagram

Working Principle

For understanding the working of this project, we must first understand the working of light dependent resistor (LDR).

LDR is special type of Resistor whose value changes as per the intensity of light.

From this curve between resistance and lux we can figure out that as the intensity of light increases the resistance decrease.

CASE (1)

When the light falls in LDR the resistance of the LDR decreases and the voltage across BE junction of 1st transistor will be greater than 0.7v thus BE is forward biased.Once the BE junction is forward bias the transistor may operate either in active region or in saturation region. According to the circuit diagram we have calculated that (Ic>Isat) which is the condition for transistor to be in saturation region. In the saturation region the voltage across the collector emitter junction will be almost equal to 0 and there will no be enough voltage across the base of second transistor Q2 to drive the second transistor ON.

CASE (2)

When there is no any light falling in the LDR (i.e dark) then the resistance of the LDR increases to mega ohm (high value). So, all the voltage will be dropped across the resistor and there will not be enough voltage at the base of the 1st transistor to drive the transistor thus, Q1 remain OFF. But the transistor Q2 will be ON because the base of the second transistor Q2 get a certain voltage (>0.7v) from the upper loop. Thus relay on the collector junction of the second transistor will also be on where the load is connected.

The use of potentiometer is to adjust the sensitivity that mean in how much darkness you want to on the relay.

PCB Manufacturing Files

PCB View

3D View

PCB With Assembly

Gerber Files

Gerber_automatic-street-light-controller_2023-05-29Download

Bill Of Materails

BOM_automatic-street-light-controller_2023-05-29Download

NOTE :

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Conclusion

Thus, we have achieved our objectives that is our bulb is automatically ON during night time and automatically OFF during day time using LDR.