How to program it?

- You need a PICKIT3 that can be bought for cheap on Aliexpress, etc. While you can program it using the PICKIT3 internal power supply, do not supply your circuit with it. There is a VCC and a GND pin on the 20 pin connector. Get an external 5V power supply.

How to mechanically use it?

- There is a 20 pin 1 row 2.54 connector on the edge of the board, just conect it to the breadboard.

Besides PIC16F690, which other PIC microcontroller can I use with it?

- According to the datasheet, you can also use the 16F685, 16F687 and 16F689 chips, they are exactly pin compatible.