For developing this project, the rp2040js emulator project has been extended. Very little debugging on real hardware happened. No logic analyzers were necessary at all! You can find my fork of rp2040js here.
The C64 emulation code is based on the "chips" emulation library. A lot of optimizations have been implemented.
HDMI/DVI output is based on the PicoDVI library.
The SID emulation is provided by a port of the SIDKick pico firmware.