Overview

This project is a DIY laser scanner for alternative photography, photoresist exposure, PCB fabrication, engraving, and experimental 3D printing.

Instead of using the conventional ILDA workflow, it is built around audio-native control. The scanner is treated as a real-time signal system, making it easier to control from Max/MSP, DAWs, and custom code for generative paths, computational drawing, and direct live editing.

The current prototype uses a Teensy 4.0 + Teensy audio adaptor board for real-time 2 channels control. Next we need to go to 8 channels for more precise laser on/off control and RGB stage laser projectors.

Why audio-native control

Most galvo laser systems rely on ILDA, which is useful for compatibility but not ideal for rapid experimentation.

This project uses audio-native control because it allows:

• real-time signal generation and modulation
• direct control from Max/MSP, DAWs, DSP tools, and code
• easier path editing without dealing with legacy protocols
• live synthesis of laser motion instead of frame export
• a better fit for hybrid uses across fabrication, imaging, and performance

In short, ILDA is good for interoperability, but audio-native control is better for an open and programmable workflow.

Sampling rate and resolution

The system runs as an audio-rate control architecture, with motion signals updated at standard audio sample rates such as 16-bit / 44.1 kHz

Practical resolution depends on the whole signal chain:

USB audio stream → Teensy audio engine → DAC / analog stage → galvo driver → optics

So performance is not defined by the microcontroller alone. It also depends on:

• DAC bit depth
• analog noise floor
• galvo linearity
• optical spot quality
• calibration accuracy

Current development

• Teensy 4.0 + Teensy audio adaptor board + customized amplifier board for stereo outputs (X/Y)
• creative laser path generator, including TSP and stippling in python and max/msp format
• USB real-time control (read as sound card in DAW)
• standalone and lightweight machine design
• audio-native workflows for direct software control

What is still missing

• more than stereo DAC output
• laser on/off is still controlled by DSP states rather than DAC channels
• cleaner spot quality
• autofocus or variable-focus optics for better spot control

What's next?

• Designing an amp board to connect to a ready made CS42448 board with TDM control for 8 channels of DC coupled +/- 5V outputs
• integrating g-code and ILDA with current audio native platform

Applications (what are capable?)

• alternative photography
• cyanotype and other UV-sensitive coating experiments
• photoresist lithography
• PCB exposure and etching
• SLA / resin 3D printing experiments
• engraving and computational plotter-style drawing