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Quality and functional substance accumulation levels are one of the important indicators of concern in facility vegetable production. For vegetables, the main nutritional quality indicators include primary metabolites (sugar, protein, minerals, vitamins, cellulose, etc.) and secondary metabolites (anthocyanins, phenolics, flavonoids, lycopene, etc.). These indicators are controlled by light conditions. In other words, they are nutritional quality indicators that can be controlled by light conditions, which have prospects in the applications of LED lighting.

Hu et al.'s (2014) study showed that consuming 200g of fruits (equivalent to two apples) per day can reduce the risk of stroke by 32%; consuming 200g of vegetables per day can reduce the risk of stroke by 11%. The appearance quality and nutritional quality of vegetables are very important.

Zheng Xiaolei et al. (2011) studied the effects of different light qualities (white fluorescent light, red LED, blue LED, red/blue LED) on the growth and edge burning of loose leaf lettuce under plant factory conditions, providing a certain theoretical basis for the high-quality and efficient production of loose leaf lettuce in plant factories.

The results showed that red/blue LED can significantly increase the fresh weight, leaf number and leaf area of loose leaf lettuce, and reduce the nitrate content of loose leaf lettuce, but does not reduce the edge burn index; red LED can promote stem elongation, significantly reduces the burnt edge disease index and nitrate content, but is not conducive to dry matter, vitamin C accumulation and leaf area increase; blue LED inhibits the growth of loose leaf lettuce and increases nitrate content, but can significantly reduce burnt edge disease index. It showed that red LED is beneficial to the growth of loose leaf lettuce in the plant factory and reduces the occurrence of burnt edges.

The plants had longer internodes and thinner stems under red light. Under blue light, the internode is shorter and the stem is thicker, and the elongation and growth are inhibited to some extent (Jao and Fang, 2003). 

Blue LED significantly inhibits the growth of loose leaf lettuce stems. Red light promotes stem elongation (Li and Kubota, 2009); while under blue LED, the stem length was 16% shorter than the control, indicating that blue light inhibited stem elongation. and the results were consistent with those of previous studies.

Blue light increased the activity of indoleacetic acid oxidase, decreased the level of auxin, and inhibited plant growth. Red and blue LED light can increase the vitamin C content of loose leaf lettuce compared with fluorescent light, and red LED can significantly reduce the vitamin C content of loose leaf lettuce. Chen Qiang et al. (2009) found the same result on tomatoes.

The effect of light quality on vitamin C content was related to the activity of its synthesis and decomposition enzyme activity. Galactolactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH) directly catalyzed the synthesis of vitamin C from galactolactone. Ascorbate oxidase and ascorbate peroxidase (AAP) are key enzymes in the oxidation of vitamin C in plants (An Huaming et al., 2005), and these three enzymes are sensitive to light. The mechanism of the different responses of the above three enzymes to different light properties needs to be further studied.

Vitamin C is an important nutrient component and an important index to evaluate the quality of loose leaf lettuce. Leafy vegetables are very easy to enrich nitrate, which is converted into nitrite during use, which is harmful to human health. Red LED can reduce the nitrate content of loose leaf lettuce, while blue LED can increase the nitrate content of loose leaf lettuce (Zheng Xiaolei et al., 2011; Deng Jiangming et al., 2000).

Blue LEDs increase nitrate content mainly because the process of absorbing nitrate nitrogen requires energy consumption, and blue light is likely to promote nitrate nitrogen...

Principle of LED Street Lamp Cap

The integrated design of the heat sink and lamp housing of the LED street lamp head ensures that the LED is directly connected to the shell and dissipates heat through the shell's cooling wings and air convection, fully ensuring the LED street lamp's 50000 hour service life. Based on working 12 hours a day, its lifespan is also over 10 years, and maintenance costs are extremely low; The lamp housing is made of aluminum alloy die-casting, which can effectively dissipate heat, prevent water and dust. The surface of the lamp has been treated with UV resistance and corrosion resistance, and the overall lamp meets the IP65 standard;

The design adopts a single elliptical reflection cavity combined with a spherical solitary surface to control the light emitted by the LED within the required range, improving the uniformity of the lighting effect and the utilization of light energy, and highlighting the energy-saving advantages of LED street lights. Compared to traditional sodium lamps, it can save more than 60% of electricity.

The advantages of LED street lamp heads

• The characteristics of LED street lamp heads themselves - the unidirectionality of light, no diffusion of light, ensuring lighting efficiency.
• The LED street lamp head has a unique secondary optical design, which illuminates the light of the LED street lamp head to the required lighting area, further improving the lighting efficiency and achieving energy-saving goals.
• The light source efficiency of LED street lamp heads has currently reached 110-130lm/W, and there is still great room for development, with a theoretical value of 250lm/W. The luminous efficiency of high-pressure sodium lamps increases with the increase of power, therefore, the overall luminous efficiency of LED street lamp heads is stronger than that of high-pressure sodium lamps; The overall light efficiency is theoretical, and the advantage of high-power LED street lamp holders is that the light efficiency of high-pressure sodium lamps above 250W is actually higher than that of LEDs.
• The color rendering performance of LED street lamp heads is much higher than that of high-pressure sodium lamps, with a color rendering index of only about 23. However, the color rendering index of LED street lamp heads reaches 75 or above. From a visual and psychological perspective, when achieving the same brightness, the average illuminance of LED street lamp heads can be reduced by more than 20% compared to high-pressure sodium lamps (referring to the British lighting standards).
• The light attenuation of LED street lamp heads is small, with less than 3% of the light attenuation in one year. Even after 10 years of use, they still meet the requirements for road illumination. However, high-pressure sodium lamps have a large attenuation, which has decreased by more than 30% in about one year. Therefore, LED street lamp heads can be designed with lower power consumption than high-pressure sodium lamps.
• LED street lamp heads are equipped with automatic control energy-saving devices, which can achieve maximum power reduction and save electricity while meeting lighting requirements at different time periods. The Casyoo LED street Light head can achieve user-friendly functions such as computer dimming, time-based control, light control, temperature control, remote control, and automatic inspection.
• LED is a low-voltage device, and the voltage driving a single LED is a safe voltage. The series of products have a single LED power of 1 watt, so it is a safer power source than using a high-voltage power source, especially suitable for public places (such as street lighting, factory lighting, automotive lighting, civilian lighting, etc.).
• Each unit LED chip has a very small volume, so it can be prepared into various shapes of devices and is suitable for variable environments.
• Long lifespan: Can be used for over 50000 hours, providing a three-year quality guarantee. The drawback...

The types of facilities in facility horticulture mainly include plastic greenhouses, sunlight greenhouses, multi story greenhouses, and plant factories. Due to the fact that facility buildings block natural light sources to a certain extent, indoor lighting is insufficient, resulting in reduced crop yield and quality. Therefore, fill lights play an indispensable role in the high-quality and high-yield of facility crops, but also become the main factor in increasing energy consumption and operating costs within the facility.

For a long time, artificial light sources used in the field of facility horticulture mainly include high-pressure sodium lamps, fluorescent lamps, metal halide lamps, incandescent lamps, etc. The prominent disadvantages are high heat production, high energy consumption, and high operating costs. The development of the new generation of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) has made it possible to apply low energy artificial light sources in the field of facility horticulture.

LED has advantages such as high photoelectric conversion efficiency, use of direct current, small size, long lifespan, low energy consumption, fixed wavelength, low thermal radiation, and environmental protection. Compared with commonly used high-pressure sodium lamps and fluorescent lamps, LED not only allows for precise adjustment of light quantity and quality (such as the proportion of light in various bands) according to the needs of plant growth, but also allows for close illumination of plants due to its cold light properties, thereby increasing the number of cultivation layers and space utilization, achieving energy-saving, environmental protection, and efficient space utilization functions that traditional light sources cannot replace.

Based on these advantages, LED has been successfully applied in facility horticultural lighting, basic research on controllable environments, plant tissue culture, factory seedling cultivation, and aerospace ecosystems. In recent years, the performance of LED grow lights has been continuously improving, their prices have gradually decreased, and various specific wavelength products have been gradually developed. Their application scope in agriculture and biology will be even broader.

This article reviews the current research status of LED in the field of facility horticulture, with a focus on the photobiological basis of LED supplementary lighting applications, the impact of LED supplementary lighting on plant photomorphogenesis, nutritional quality and anti-aging, the construction and application of light formulas, and other aspects. It also analyzes and looks forward to the current problems and prospects of LED supplementary lighting technology.

The effect of LED supplementary light on the growth of horticultural crops

The regulatory effects of light on plant growth and development include seed germination, stem elongation, leaf and root development, phototropism, chlorophyll synthesis and decomposition, and flower induction. The lighting environment elements inside the facility include light intensity, light cycle, and spectral distribution. By manually supplementing light, their elements can be adjusted without being limited by weather conditions.

Plants have the characteristic of selective absorption of light, and different light receptors perceive light signals. Currently, it has been found that there are at least three types of light receptors in plants: photosensitizers (absorbing red and far red light), cryptocyanins (absorbing blue and near ultraviolet light), and ultraviolet light receptors (UV-A and UV-B). Using a specific wavelength light source to illuminate crops can improve the photosynthetic efficiency of plants, accelerate their light morphogenesis, and promote their growth and development.

Plant photosynthesis mainly utilizes red orange light (610-720 nm) and blue purple light (400-510 nm). By utilizing LED technology, monochromatic light (such as red...

The structure of LED street lights

The structure of LED street lights is not complicated, and after splitting it, there are several components as follows: LED light source (1W-200W), aluminum alloy heat dissipation aluminum sheet, LED constant current source (power supply), and lamp housing. In addition, street lights need to have sufficient height to illuminate a wider range, so necessary lamp posts are also necessary. Of course, in order to better shelter from wind and rain, lamp caps are also needed.

The commonly used LED lighting chips now include a single 1 W high-power white LED array and a high-power integrated packaged light source module Langzhong. The main parameters for measuring its advantages and disadvantages include: average road brightness, total illuminance uniformity, longitudinal illuminance uniformity, environmental ratio, glare control, etc.

The LED driver power supply is a key component of LED street lights and a bottleneck factor that affects the effectiveness and lifespan of LED street lights. Especially the issue of matching the lifespan of the driver power supply with the lifespan of the LED. At present, the light source of high-power LED street lights adopts low-voltage DC power supply, and a high-efficiency white light diode composed of GaN based power type blue light LED and yellow fluorescent powder. It has unique advantages such as high efficiency, safety, energy saving, environmental protection, long service life, fast response speed, and high color rendering index. The outer cover can be made of PC tubes, which can withstand high temperatures up to 135 degrees and low temperatures up to -45 degrees.

LED street light classification

LED street lights can be broadly divided into two types in terms of technology: vertical and integrated, depending on the arrangement of the lamp beads. Generally, using a single light source of over 10000 watts to manufacture street lights is classified. This is a type of LED street light that started to be used relatively early and now has relatively mature technology. Split type technology was used earlier and is now widely used by many enterprises.

The technology of using integrated chips as light sources to manufacture street lights is called integrated technology. Integrated technology is a relatively new technology for LED, which is currently flourishing because it has a larger luminous amount per unit area than discrete chips, and its market prospects are greater than discrete chips.

However, no matter what form it takes, it faces complex heat dissipation and lighting problems. It is necessary to scientifically solve these problems in order to improve light efficiency, achieve the advantages of energy conservation, environmental protection, and long lifespan of LED street lights, and truly establish the image of LED street lights as energy-saving, cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and high-end.

The advantages of LED street lights

1. LEDs do not contain harmful metal mercury, unlike high-pressure sodium lamps or metal halide lamps that pose a threat to the environment when discarded.

• Compared to traditional street lights, LED street lights have extremely low maintenance costs, and high-power LED street lights have significant energy-saving effects. Replacing high-pressure sodium lights can save more than 60% of electricity. Based on these characteristics, LED street lights are gradually coming into people's sight.
• In terms of light efficiency, high-pressure sodium lamps can reach up to 140 lm/W, which is higher than the current commercial high-power LED light efficiency of 100 lm/W. However, the color rendering index of LED is much higher than that of high-pressure sodium lamps. Moreover, under the same illumination, white LED is more helpful for drivers or pedestrians to recognize targets, and its road lighting effect and comfort are much higher than high-pressure sodium lamps.
• The unique secondary optical design...

Some people say that if LED street lights are not powered by solar energy, they will have no further value for use; Some people also say that solar power supply will only make the production cost of LED street lights more expensive, making it difficult for LED street lights to be promoted and used in real society; Some people also say that LED street lights should be powered by a combination of solar energy and AC power There are different opinions. Now let's take a look at why solar LED street lights can replace AC LED street lights?

At present, most LED street lights still use AC power supply. On the one hand, the technology of AC circuit lights is already very mature, while solar street lights have many uncertain factors. On the other hand, the main consideration is still that the initial investment in solar energy is too large, thus ignoring many fundamental advantages of solar power supply.

The most important advantage of solar energy, as we all know, is that it is an inexhaustible and cleanest renewable energy source! It can truly solve the problem of global warming! It will ultimately replace all energy sources!

However, truly replacing all energy sources with solar energy is still a long-term and difficult task. Although solar energy is ubiquitous, its collection requires a certain amount of irradiation area. Obviously, the desert is the most ideal location, but long-distance power transmission and distribution will consume a large amount of expensive copper materials, and only large cities adjacent to the desert have trial value. It is difficult to find such a spacious and open place in large cities with high population density. Rural areas are limited by economic conditions and it is unlikely to be widely promoted now. It is best to start with small activities for any new things, and adopt a "self-produced and self sold" method. Street lights are one of the best pilot projects that first use solar energy. Moreover, energy conservation, like emission reduction, must first be advocated by the government, and even promoted through government subsidies like in Germany. Fortunately, the street lighting project was originally a government project and was tendered by the government. So government decision-makers must be aware that LED street lights will definitely replace high-pressure sodium lights, and solar LED street lights will also replace AC LED street lights.

Changing all street lights to solar street lights can save the power generation of a Three Gorges hydropower station

LED street lights are more energy-efficient than high-pressure sodium lights and have long been recognized by people. However, there may still be a lack of quantitative concepts. It is now recognized that 100 watt LED street lights can replace 250 watt high-pressure sodium lights, so it can be simply assumed that each LED street light can save 150 watts of electricity.

However, if solar power is used instead, even this 100W of electricity can be saved, which means that each street lamp can save 250 watts of electricity. According to relevant estimates, the total number of street lights in China is about 100 million or more, and it is growing at a rate of 20% per year. In 2008, 20 million new street lights were added. If these 100 million street lights can be converted into 60 million 250 watt street lights, and if all these 60 million street lights are converted into solar LED street lights, a total of 15 million kilowatts of power can be saved. Assuming that each street lamp works 12 hours a day, it will save 65.7 billion kilowatt hours of electricity within one year. The total power generation of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station in 2007 was 61.603 billion kilowatt hours. Therefore, the electricity saved by converting all streetlights nationwide to solar streetlights will exceed the annual power generation of a Three Gorges hydropower station. This is an extremely astonishing number.

Moreover, solar energy is a clean...

Although women represent nearly half of the world's population, the number of technology companies that address their specific health care needs is but a small fraction of the global technology market. In 2019, the Female Technology, “femtech,” industry, which primarily comprises services, products, and software designed to address the unique biological and medical needs of women, generated $820.6 million in global revenue, combined with $592 million in total venture capital investment. Recent projections suggest the market may reach $1.1 billion by 2024. In Europe, femtech raised $190 million in 2019 and was on track to do $98 million year-to-date in 2020. These numbers seem almost trivial when compared with the >$500 billion a year market for women's medical expenses.

Encouragingly, over the past 10 years we have seen an increasing number of apps and high-tech services that specifically address women's needs, including digital-driven fertility and menstruation tracking and solutions for pregnancy, postpartum, and menopause. A number of innovative biotech companies are also focusing on both prevention and management of associated conditions, including cancer and heart disease. These trends, accompanied by the historical underrepresentation of women in pharmaceutical trials, suggest a very significant and underappreciated market.

The term “femtech” was coined by Ida Tin, the Danish-born founder of Clue, a period and ovulation tracking app established in Germany in 2013. A related term known as “menotech” aims to improve women's lifestyles as they move through perimenopause and menopause, providing access to telemedicine, and information and data that women can easily access.

Although women make 80 percent of the health care decisions for most families and spend ∼30 percent more per capita than men on health care, only a small percentage (3 percent) of the digital health deals since 2011 have focused on women's health. Some feel that the term femtech should be discarded because it implies that the women's health care market is a small niche market rather than an opportunity to provide significant health care advances for >3.9 billion people.

A recent article suggests that raising capital for femtech or menotech presents significant challenges for entrepreneurs. According to Forbes, predominantly male investors have sometimes shown a lack of interest or engagement with femtech ideas.

For the market to successfully develop and show significant expansion, technology companies will need to differentiate themselves by offering added and demonstrable health benefits to women. In addition, adequate validation for the apps' efficacy needs to be provided, to indicate positive clinical value that enhances patients' health and well-being.

Years before the term femtech was coined, Luna Luna was helping women track their menstrual cycles. The idea originated in one of the large telecommunication companies in Japan. Founded in Japan in 2000, the firm now helps women predict and track fertility as well, incorporating advanced artificial intelligence algorithms into its apps. With >15 million downloads, and the majority of its users in their 20s or 30s, the company routinely works with medical institutions and universities to study, among other things, prevention of depression during pregnancy and while breastfeeding.

An app developed in Italy, BenEssere Mamma, provides women with an easy-to-use convenient way to access a self-help protocol to deal with the stress and anxiety often experienced during pregnancy. Incorporating mindfulness meditation and guided imagery, it helps them to become more aware of affective states, while learning coping skills to improve well-being.

After a $110 million funding round in August 2021, Maven became the first femtech unicorn. Established in New York in 2014, the company's services include a virtual clinic that offers services for both women's and family...

Background

With the development of the fourth industrial revolution, we have entered the era of intelligence, and various intelligent electrical devices are widely used. At the same time, the world is facing a global energy crisis due to the massive consumption of energy by humans. In response to the crisis, MOKO has come up with our own solution for energy saving. This solution is to control electrical devices by using MOKO smart plug. The reasonable use of electrical equipment can reduce the loss of electrical energy and greatly reduce energy consumption. If we analyze the current energy situation recently, we can know the urgency and necessity of reducing energy consumption.

Energy Status in 2022

In 2022, the energy security of the whole year was greatly threatened, and the energy price soared, which led to a sharp increase in the prices of various household items, resulting in serious inflation, increasing the cost of living and production for people and hindering the progress of society. The causes of the energy crisis this year are the following.

1. Russia-Ukraine War

Since Russia is a major energy exporter and has energy pipelines all over Europe, Europe cannot develop without Russian energy. It is difficult for Russian oil and natural gas to be transported to Europe because of the war between Russia and Ukraine. Also, Russia is restricted to use US dollars by Europe and the US, which makes it difficult for Russia’s energy to be exported to other regions. This results in a tight energy supply, which makes global energy prices skyrocket.

2. Extreme Weather

Since this year, many countries in the northern hemisphere have been affected by extreme weather. The temperature in many countries has exceeded their historical record. In order to reduce the heat, people use a variety of devices, which includes air conditioners. These cooling devices consume huge amounts of electricity, which greatly increases the loss of electricity and exacerbated the energy crisis. The energy shortage leads to a sharp rise in the price of electricity for residential use, especially in some areas, which greatly increased the cost of living.

3. Supply Chain Crisis

The world is still in a supply chain crisis for more than two years due to the pandemic. Ports in many countries are stacked with cargo, causing longer turnaround times for goods. Port congestion increases the time it takes for energy to reach the port, increasing energy costs and exacerbating energy shortages. Many of Europe’s energy pipelines are closed. Energy can only be transported by sea, which has led to a global shortage of energy carriers, especially LNG for natural gas, which is in high demand and not enough to cover Europe’s gas consumption. The supply chain crisis has exacerbated Europe’s energy crisis.

The war between Russia and Ukraine will continue for a long time, and the global supply chain crisis is still fermenting, which means that the energy crisis in 2022 will continue for a long time. This year’s winter will be even colder in Europe.

The energy crisis has had an impact on all aspects of people’s lives. The soaring price of daily necessities has increased the living cost of residents. People will prefer cheaper and energy-saving products, and pay more attention to energy consumption when buying electrical products.

Why Choose MOKO Smart Plugs

Although the world is still in a global energy crisis, people still consume energy in their daily lives. Since we use electrical appliances in every aspect of our lives, it is difficult for us to monitor the energy consumption of each appliance. We can only check the monthly electricity bill in general, which makes it difficult for us to optimize our electricity consumption. MOKO’s smart plug can accurately count the power consumption, and with this data, we can optimize the use of various appliances. The MOKO smart plug has a remote control, timer switch,...

In shut rooms, like trade fairs, shopping mall or airports, the GPS signal ends up being too weak and makes targeted indoor navigation difficult. Nevertheless, Bluetooth sign interior navigation would be a welcome assistance for the means to your destination. In this article, I will certainly clarify the Bluetooth beacon indoor positioning. I also introduce you to the app with which we can experience the principle.

Inspiration to Handle the Bluetooth Beacon Indoor Navigating
Every single time I saw a trade fair, exhibition or comparable occasion, I entered into the following situation: At the entry, I received a flyer with a website plan of the occasion and a short summary of each stand.

The first thing I tried was to find my own placement on the map. After that I tried to find stands that intrigued me. Ultimately, I came up with an optimum path to make sure that I can go to all the stands by the shortest route.

Do you perhaps know these considerations from visiting your own trade fair?

In such situations, I kept considering exactly how good it would be if there were a mobile application that could take over the navigating in shut rooms/buildings. The concern constantly remained, why are there no such apps for interior navigation? Is the implementation of these functionalities extremely complicated, costly or difficult?

I shared my ideas on interior navigation with my coworker Jan Winter season, and we started looking into how to implement a navigating app with an interactive map for any occasion.

Bluetooth Beacon Indoor Navigating Challenges
When developing a navigation app with an interactive map for an event, there are 2 basic troubles to be solved: the application of navigation as well as map digitization.

Navigating
The navigation is very important for establishing your very own position, for planning the course and for navigating yourself. The "timeless" variation of the navigation is based upon global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) such as GPS, GLONASS, Galileo or Beidou and works perfectly in open spaces outside of buildings.

The GNSS signal exists partly or otherwise in any way within a structure, to make sure that navigation is extremely imprecise or otherwise possible in all. Various other place modern technologies for automatic position determination are utilized below.

Considering that the majority of the profession fairs and exhibits occur in shut areas as well as indoor navigating itself supplies a very large range of applications, we have made a decision to concentrate on this sort of innovation.

As currently discussed, navigation within a structure is referred to as indoor navigating or indoor place tracking. WLAN or Bluetooth innovations are mainly used for placement resolution. In both cases, the current position can be calculated on the basis of signal strengths and works with of various signal resources such as WLAN routers or Bluetooth beacons (BLE beacon) and also the distances to them.

After additional research study as well as weighing up the advantages and also disadvantages, we picked the Bluetooth innovation. We utilize Bluetooth signs and also iBeacon navigation as signal resources. These are Bluetooth tools with reduced power consumption (Bluetooth Low Energy, abbreviated BLE).

The interior area sign can send their identification data to various other close-by digital devices. In our case, these are mobile phones. The recognition information differ depending upon the method, i.e. Eddystone or iBeacon.

Bluetooth Sign Indoor Navigating Has The Adhering To Benefits Over WLAN:
- Low power usage: Bluetooth beacon placing does not have to be linked to the keys. The battery life gets on typical 2 to five years.
- Reduced procurement costs: A reduced power Bluetooth beacon costs around 20 to 30 euros.
- Installation flexibility: thanks to small measurements and various shapes, the Bluetooth reduced power sign can be positioned anywhere and also normally remain unseen.

Map Conversion
Indoor Location...

Sign as well as iBeacon

Everyone understands today the names RFID, NFC, GPS, WLAN, Bluetooth, etc. Now, something obviously new is coming: A sign or iBeacon, which are based on widely known Bluetooth modern technology. Both are terms for Bluetooth-based wireless communication innovation. In this write-up, we will demonstrate the sign application detailedly.
You stroll along the racks in the supermarket as well as your smartphone makes itself felt as well as reveals on the shelf on the top right before you, the egg ravioli only today as well as tomorrow at a bargain cost is readily available. Or you are on a city break, standing in front of the site of Venice, you can check out the Campanile as well as on the display screen of your mobile phone that the world-famous tower broke down in 1902 and was restored until 1912 and also is 99 meters high. Does this sound utopian in your ears? No, not. The future of the sign application has actually already started. you think currently sure, what's the point? Are we inadequate in daily life with info and marketing is flooding and, as a mobile modern, is significantly becoming a glass Humankind.
The complying with short article is meant to show where the chances as well as dangers of beacon innovation, and whether it is additionally utilized in public transportation. Words sign is stemmed from the English term for "beacon". The trademark name is iBeacon, a proprietary standard for indoor navigating presented by Apple Inc. in 2013, based on Bluetooth Low Energy, both terms are utilized identically. Beacon network are tiny transmitters that can send messages and also information to smart phones.
No GENERAL PRACTITIONER signal or smart phone link is called for. For example, at the train station or for tourist sights or in the museum regarding a particular masterpiece information customized to the client can be played on a smart device or tablet.

Beacons are based on a transmitter-receiver concept and also are "electronic signs". To small transmitters are positioned in a specific room as signal transmitters, which are dealt with Intervals send out Bluetooth signals. The transmitter itself can not get any kind of data. Come in the receiver, e.g. a smart device with an installed app for receiving beacon signals is configured within the variety of a transmitter, the receiver can control the transmitter and signal strength identify. This way, the placement of the recipient can be identified. Are at the very least 3 beacons in the Series of the receiver can be figured out by comparing the signals of the three transmitters in time to determine the position of the receiver in two-dimensional room. To figure out a location in a three-dimensional space, four beacons within the variety are called for. It is, therefore, possible that determine the distance between receiver as well as transmitter in real-time. When getting in or leaving a location of sending beacons becomes an installed application on a mobile phone 'Informed' even if the app as well as gadget are not energetic. Beacons only function if the individual has activated Bluetooth on his smartphone as well as enables Beacon-enabled apps to obtain and show press alerts.
The underlying technology, Bluetooth Low Energy, is compatible with iOS5 and Android 4.3 and also up is extremely energy efficient. Depending on signal stamina, the gauged range to the beacon is split right into 3 classifications, "prompt" to 50 centimeters, "near" approximately 2 meters and also "much" as much as 70 meters. Beacons can also be used where GENERAL PRACTITIONER signals do not function accurately or to a restricted level, e.g. inside buildings. WiFi and also near field Interaction (NFC) also function precisely but have the downside of being high power intake and application restrictions with a short range of just as much as 20 centimeters.
The following table reveals the beacon modern technology compared to NFC and GPS. It shows that this innovation likewise has its advantages:...

The iBeacon procedure established by Apple based on Bluetooth Low Power is supported by a selection of gadgets. The article discusses iBeacons as well as Bluetooth Low Power as well as utilizes the instance of creating an Android application for location-dependent wish list to show the location-dependent interaction of an app with iBeacon android. The implementation is based upon MokoBeacon and the linked SDK.

iBeacon, Bluetooth 4.0, BLE, SMART. Wot?
The fundamental technology for iBeacon is Bluetooth. Bluetooth Low Power (BLE), which is commonly referred to as the Bluetooth Smart advertising and marketing label, has been consisted of in variation 4.0 of the Bluetooth requirement. BLE is not in reverse compatible with previous versions called Bluetooth Standard. Bluetooth 4.0 specifies that standard-compliant gadgets should apply one or both versions, i.e. Reduced Power or Traditional.

BLE is implemented on nearly all present smartphones such as the apple iphone 4+ and the Samsung Galaxy 3+. An apple iphone can function both as a receiver of iBeacon signals as well as-- unlike iBeacon Android-- as a beacon itself. Android consists of BLE vehicle drivers from API version 18, i.e. Android 4.3. Incidentally, present computer systems are likewise BLE-capable. In Windows, nonetheless, the motorists are only on board from Windows 8 and given that around mid-2011 BLE has been available on Apple computers.

BLE remains to sustain a range of outer gadgets such as heart price displays as well as plaything helicopters, thermometers, health and fitness equipment and also tooth brushes, yes, tooth brushes and also sneakers.

iphone and also Android with the very first iBeacon applications
IOS 7 currently supplies developers the most effective requirements for incorporating iBeacon into applications. Since iphone 7, the os also starts apps that are no longer in memory if it has actually found an iBeacon signed up by them or loses its signal. Registration for this happens through the core location structure, which is less complicated to make use of than core Bluetooth. One of the most widely known iBeacon android and iOS application are MokoBeacon. It acts when chosen occasions happen. For example, it creates a calendar access when you get home.

Android does not sustain iBeacon ex-works. A number of third-party vendors compete for programmer favor with their options, including Span Networks and also Sensorberg. The cost-free Distance Networks remedy consists of a program collection that Android supplies with an iBeacon service as well as the essential API.

Sensorberg relies upon a complete package containing hardware, software development set as well as software application for the management of the iBeacons, the app material and also individual communications. The Sensorberg remedy was utilized, as an example, in the app for Cebit 2014, which is readily available for iBeacon Android as well as iBeacon iphone. The app gave training areas, internships and also a task deal on the smartphone at selected trade reasonable areas.

Info top quality and also data protection are essential for success
On the customer side, iBeacon arouses the worry of a smartphone spammed with advertising and marketing, of invasive, customized client get in touch with, as in the Minority Report. A few of these problems are unjustified, as the iBeacon android feature, which certainly works as a referral, programs. iBeacon uses an opt-in model. You only come to be a customer by installing an iBeacon application; all other smartphone proprietors are saved.

IOS additionally just quietly shows info activated by iBeacon. They show up when the user turns on his smartphone while he is within range of the beacon and vanishes when he relocates far from it. No disturbance from beeps as well as vibrations and even an overruning message center after seeing a shopping center.

When users discover an iBeacon app useful and when it annoys them will mainly identify the quality of the...

Possible usage cases and also business models for the sign that makes it possible for location-dependent individual communication even inside structures are presently being fiercely debated. In-store advertising as well as discounts, mobile settlements, navigating, public transport, localization in public structures and also galleries and also residence automation are just the tips of the iceberg. And also certainly the omnipresent collection of information-- currently brand-new and also with precise location info. Prior to finding out more concerning iBeacon innovation, we will certainly additionally state the iBeacon SDK in the short article.

What is the buzz?
The iBeacon method developed by Apple based upon Bluetooth Low Power is supported by a variety of devices. The write-up clarifies iBeacons and Bluetooth Low Energy and also uses the example of developing an Android app for location-dependent shopping lists to show the location-dependent interaction of an app with iBeacons. The application is based upon MOKOSmart iBeacon SDK.

iBeacon, Bluetooth 4.0, BLE, SMART. Wot?
The standard modern technology for iBeacon is Bluetooth. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), which is frequently described as the Bluetooth Smart advertising and marketing label, has actually been consisted of in variation 4.0 of the Bluetooth standard. BLE is not backward suitable with previous versions called Bluetooth Classic. Bluetooth 4.0 defines that standard-compliant gadgets should carry out one or both versions, i.e. Reduced Power or Classic.

BLE is carried out on nearly all present smartphones such as the apple iphone 4+ and the Samsung Galaxy 3+. An apple iphone can function both as a receiver of iBeacon signals and also-- unlike Android-- as a beacon itself. Android includes BLE drivers from API version 18, i.e. Android 4.3. By the way, present computer systems are additionally BLE-capable. In Windows, nonetheless, the vehicle drivers are only on board from Windows 8 as well as given that around mid-2011, BLE has actually been readily available on Apple computers.

BLE remains to support a variety of outer devices such as heart rate monitors as well as toy helicopters, thermometers, health and fitness tools as well as toothbrushes, yes, toothbrushes as well as sneakers.

Fascinating about iBeacons is the Sensing unit
Tag from Texas Instruments, which along with its feature as an iBeacon can also gauge temperature, humidity, pressure, as well as acceleration. The Sensor Tag also comes with a gyroscope, a magnetometer, as well as two hardware buttons. The ideal device to from another location control presentations while transferring and also showing the dampness and temperature level of the speaker's hands. I think my next sandpit job will be phase fright-o-mat. You can discover a detailed list of tools on the official Bluetooth web site.

GATT prepared
The interaction model made use of by gadgets to exchange information is called the GATT-- Generic Attribute Profile. GATT specifies the functions of the client as well as web server. The client requests data from the server through solutions. A solution groups numerous atomic key/value sets, which are called qualities. Both solutions as well as qualities are determined using UUIDs and can likewise contain additional descriptions. Services and also their characteristics are cataloged in the form of profiles; the specification defines a whole range of them from the areas of health care, sporting activity as well as physical fitness and also-- in our situation intriguing-- proximity sensing. The individual profiles and their services and also attributes can be located in the Bluetooth developer site under GATT Requirements.

Get to the beacon

So what are iBeacons? iBeacon is a very easy innovation (and a hallmark of Apple that enables location-dependent communication with applications. A sign sends out a signal that can be gotten with BLE-compatible devices and refined by applications mounted on it Signal consists...

Generally, the GPS transmitters can not be seen in every device. Nevertheless, they must be placed, as well as using logs and also anti-theft security ought to additionally be available.MOKOSmart makes use of a combination of BLE sign and GPS car positioning to fix this trouble. There are lots of locations of application-where there is no permanent power source. The GPS transmitter in the automobile gets the sign information and sends it to the MOKOSmart platform. Area, filling, transport, and so on are tape-recorded. Affordable and also straightforward.

Introduction of BLE beacon?
The signs are transferred via the Bluetooth Low Power standard-- BLE for brief-- already mentioned. With this radio modern technology, numerous tools can be networked with each other. The benefit of BLE over other radio technologies is that BLE can use low power usage and affordable. That is why BLE is mostly used for smart phones such as smart devices or smartwatches. iphone supports this standard from iOS7, Android from variation 4.3 and Windows Phone from Windows Phone 8. However, there is presently an issue with Android gadgets: Not all Android tools that have at least Android version 4.3 set up can interact with the beacon. It is feasible that the hardware of an Android gadget is BLE capable, yet the feature remains unused as a result of the absence of a ROM update.

Those that can be linked to numerous makers, devices, and items are Bluetooth sign, which is small, rugged radio transmitters (Ø3.5 -5.5 centimeters). Beacons make use of a version of the Bluetooth 4.0 criterion: low energy Bluetooth beacon (BLE beacon) with a lengthy life up to 15 years. The signal array is around 50-100 m routinely sent to the environment together with the recognition of each device.

GPS transmitters will certainly obtain the signal from the BLE beacon.

Furthermore, BLE beacon is cheap, water resistant, stain-proof and also shock-proof. Even in an extreme setting, it can be a perfect selection.

Classification of BLE sign with different sensors
Firstly, Bluetooth BLE beacon can transmit various data:

- Battery level
- Refrigerator temperature
- Air Humidity
- Sporting activities
- Tilt angle-fragile
- Organisation Hours
- Shipment surveillance
- Light
- Magnetic discovery

For iBeacon and also Eddystone, they are extremely usual forma, which are supported by MOKOSmart.

What are the possible uses of reduced power Bluetooth beacon?
Every day there are brand-new uses for the use of the BLE sign. An increasing number of companies are recognizing the possibility of sign modern technology and are explore brand-new, innovative concepts as well as chances.

Retail profession
Sellers can use ble beacon as well as clients' mobile phones to contact them. At the point of sale, supplies, services and also attributes can be sent out directly to the consumer's mobile phone. Routes can likewise be examined in order to optimally position products and also offers in the offline globe. In this way, consumer circulations can be targeted via the business. Clients looking for advice can be determined even during continuous procedures so that staff members can supply them targeted assistance. After the browse through, you can be asked to rank the go to.

Meetings
Ble sign on Meetings

In the location of trade fairs and also congresses, beacons enable a simplified exchange between the actors. An easy profession fair experience can be created through straightforward navigation and prioritized program products. Details regarding talks, alternative routes or the control of the profession reasonable employees-- the possible usages are unrestricted.

Logistics

In the location of logistics, ble beacon can be placed anywhere in the supply chain. This way, the supply chain can be enhanced with smart warehousing as well as signals over 70 meters vs RFID, Real-Time Fleet Monitoring. Every chain store, every vehicle and every forklift can be offered with its very own precise beacon. This way, routes can...

LoRa is a technology that calls for low power and also can covering a vast location. It is one of the ground-breaking technologies in the IoT field as it has actually paved the way for several cutting edge products and also LoRa GPS tracker is one of them. In this write-up, we will take a look at just how a LoRa GPS Tracker functions and what are a few of the potential applications.

Functioning of MOKO LoRa GPS Tracker
It is constantly a calming idea to recognize that your enjoyed ones as well as your valuable possessions are risk-free as well as well secured. For this function, a GPS tracker always is available in helpful. We frequently use a GENERAL PRACTITIONER tracker for securing possessions like automobiles, brief-cases, storage lockers, as well as valuable appliances, and so on. We additionally make use of GPS trackers for ensuring the safety of our liked ones such as youngsters, friends, brother or sisters, animals, etc. Whenever we need to select a GENERAL PRACTITIONER tracking tool, the very first considerations include the range of tracking and the possible battery life. So, based upon these considerations, LoRa is the most effective fit. This is because a LoRa GPS Tracker takes in extremely little power as well as is capable of operating over fars away.
The LoRa GPS tracker includes a LoRa GPS module and also a LoRa Transmitter. So, with each other they serve as a LoRa node. We connect this LoRa node in the property that we intend to secure by recognizing its location whatsoever times. Therefore, this LoRa node connects with the nearest LoRaWAN portal in any way times. The LoRa node sends out the GPS area of the asset or the individual to the LoRaWAN entrance after specific fixed time periods.
The LoRaWAN entrance then sends this information to the cloud network. So, we utilize a cloud server to assemble this information and after that procedure it. It is converted to details as well as after evaluation, it is sent to a data processor. Therefore, we can access this information by utilizing a smartphone, laptop, or tablet computer with a web connection. This way we have access to the GENERAL PRACTITIONER location of our loved ones and also beneficial possessions in any way times no matter where they are.
Advantages of MOKO LoRa GPS Tracker

LoRa GPS trackers have numerous benefits. So, we will review them one at a time in this area.

1. Low Power Intake
All LoRa based tools have a reduced power usage and also LoRa GENERAL PRACTITIONER tracker is no exception. They have an outstanding battery life that makes them last for several years. Therefore, it is perfect for possessions that are in continual flow. The reduced power intake ensures that there is no need for regular upkeep as well as regular checks. Consequently, you will certainly conserve a lot of cash by staying clear of repair as well as maintenance expenses. In addition to that, the reduced power usage additionally makes certain that you sustain a minimal operating cost.
2. Wide Location Insurance Coverage
LoRa has the ability to cover a really wide area since it has a huge variety. LoRa enables GPS tracking through LoRaWAN portals and also cloud networks. For this reason, it permits a GENERAL PRACTITIONER monitoring service that is unmatched by any other location-based IoT innovation. The wide location coverage implies that you won't have to fret about your liked ones since you will certainly always have access to their existing GENERAL PRACTITIONER place in real-time.
3. Deeper Penetration
LoRa permits better penetration even in most dense of the structures. As a result, it enables a more precise GENERAL PRACTITIONER tracking. On the other hand, location monitoring by utilizing other IoT innovations is in some cases unreliable. This is since various other location-based innovations shed their accuracy when released in dense areas. This mistake develops from the signal noise related to the overwhelming variety of neighboring digital tools. Therefore, utilizing LoRa GPS tracker...

In the quickly growing globe of today, companies have intense competition amongst them. So, marketing experts have to rely upon innovative devices such as a sign sensor for reaching out to your customers. Lots of people today especially the millennials have an extremely short attention span which they mostly devote to brand-new details, social networks interaction, and also digital information. Therefore, it is extremely simple for people to obtain distracted today. For that reason, if you want your company to succeed then you need to generate a special positioning for it. Sign sensor is also known as Bluetooth sign or Closeness sign as well as is a wonderful device for boosting your possible clients and potential sales.

Yet we require to remember that signs are not only a great instrument for local business owner but additionally a terrific asset for IoT releases. For this reason, we can also use them for numerous objectives such as procedures in an airport terminal, sports protection, big meetings, universities and other universities, recreational areas, galleries and galleries, and also concert arena. This will permit us to engage with even more people and learn more about their tastes, habits patterns, qualities, and preferences. The beacon sensor is fantastic for boosting consumer involvement as well as hence enhancing the earnings generation and brand name loyalty. We can likewise use signs for supply chain as well as logistics operations. A number of usage situations have suggested that we can likewise make use of beacons in healthcare facilities for taking care of crucial clients and monitor their wellness whatsoever times.
In this article, we would like to tell you concerning the signs sensor and exactly how you can utilize it for establishing your own service application.
Exactly what is a Sign Sensing unit?
Signs are tiny transmitters that always remain on and make use of Bluetooth technology for relaying vital information to close by smart devices and various other tools. They always stay on and also yet they eat really little power. In addition to that, they have a pretty good variety of accessibility.
A beacon sensor is capable of transmitting information however, it is incapable of getting it. If there is a clever device close-by after that the beacon sensing unit will detect it and after that send digital notices to that device. Numerous specialists use the example of lighthouses for the beacon sensing unit due to the fact that they are capable of sending out signals to the close-by clever devices and direct them towards a particular activity.
Today, we mostly utilize beacons in combination with committed software program as well as mobile apps. The beacon sends an one-of-a-kind identifier to such apps and each identifier connects to a details function like tracking the place of a device, revealing notifications of a product to a consumer, as well as tracking the purchasing actions of a customer.

History of Sign Sensing Unit

Bluetooth technology was presented in 1989. It was presented by Ericsson as well as its key purpose was to create headphones that were wireless. Afterwards Bluetooth innovation evolved substantially and is currently a criterion for IoT communications.
The Bluetooth beacons began appearing in 2013 for this reason they are the current advancement in the field of IoT. They were first presented by the tech titan, Apple. Apple presented them to make sure that it was possible for Apple gadgets such as the MacBook, iPhone, and also iPad to detect close-by Bluetooth devices as well as respond to the signals coming from them.
In 2015, their competitor i.e. Google decided to reveal their own variation of Bluetooth signs. Google named its innovation Eddystone which was their way of admiring a well-known British lighthouse. The difference between the beacons presented by Apple and also those introduced by Google is that the platform offered by Google is entirely open-source which means that anyone can use them with...

Thanks to precise placement decision, Beacon provides consumers specific info and also solutions on their smart device at the point of sale. We describe the beacon modern technology solutions and also iBeacon technology to you!

The new "beacon" in the marketing skies is brought on by little radio transmitters, the iBeacons. The word sign comes from the aeronautics and delivery industry and also means something like radio beacon or beacon. Apple presented iBeacon last year with the launch of its iOS 7 mobile os. It is to broaden the location services of their mobile os iOS. It starts where GPS and various other location systems no longer function, inside structures.

What are beacon modern technology options and just how do they function?
Beacons are a few centimeters little transmitters that not do anything but send a "beacon" of little information packages in close quarters. This basically has 3 items of details: a UUID (Widely One-of-a-kind Identifier), which serves to distinctly recognize the sender, and also 2 items of details regarding the position, major and also small.
In simple language: "I am X and also I am in the New York City Apple Shop (Major) in the iPads (Minor) division." Apple approximates the series of this sign to be some 10 meters. The maximum range specifies the border in between entering as well as leaving the active location. There are 4 areas within this area: Immediate = The receiver is likely to be a few centimeters far from the iBeacon. Near = The range is about 1-3 meters. Much = The signal of the iBeacon is gotten, yet it can not be identified whether it remains in the Near or Immediate zone. Unknown = The distance of the iBeacon can not be established whatsoever.
A procedure is made use of that is based upon Bluetooth Low Power (BLE), an innovation that consumes extremely little power. Which had to do with it. That does not sound particularly exciting, specifically not innovative. It obtains actually intriguing when iBeacons enter contact with a recipient-- e.g. B. to a Bluetooth 4.0-capable mobile phone on which a proper app is set up. If a customer is within the series of a beacon, the app on his smartphone can be used to provide him with location-based deals or info.

Legal elements of Beacon technology services

iBeacons just send out information about their identification as well as their setting in the room. They do not accumulate individual data and are therefore of no lawful significance. Data protection problems just end up being pertinent in connection with the information exchange between the server as well as the application of the provider.
Business are no question responsible for bringing their requirement for details about existing or possible clients right into line with the legal framework. The emphasis is on transparency and detailed information for customers. But there is also no doubt that the customer is accountable. Of course, they can make a decision whether to set up an app and accept accessibility different information. If you decide to do this, you must put in the time to read the customer agreements as well as permit terms in order to make an aware as well as understanding choice.
IBeacon modern technology has the prospective to develop itself as one of the basic modern technologies in the near future. Market researchers see the positioning of this technology at the POS as having terrific possible for market growth. And innovative minds are already establishing composite systems in which, for example, B. Area services such as GPS, WLAN as well as signs can be combined for ideal use. What influence this will have on potential users and on the marketplace is currently not direct. However it is definitely fascinating to see the more advancement.

What about iBeacons and also data defense? Review the interview with Frederick Richter, legal representative as well as board member of the Information Defense Foundation.
Frederick Richter is Head Of State of the Data Defense Structure in Leipzig....