This device sends messages to your phone when it detects saturation of harmful gases in the environment. Its purpose is to help determine if rivers and other bodies of water in urban areas are being polluted, and how dangerous it is for the population.
The project started as an standalone, individual concept, so there were not a lot of restrictions. Things changed when the decision was made to make 35 of these units, and they were going to be assembled by people who were not familiar with the concept. Now that's a challenge!
Now the units had a few new interesting requirements:
Had to stay aligned with the original goals
Easy to assemble
Electronic components easily accessible
Must have many open-close cycles
Total investment for 35 (as opposed to 2) has to be calculated more carefully
3D printing must be optimized
Some examples of the changes:
Originally, I had the board attached to the back cover, and when the unit opened, you would have to disconnect the cable. To avoid the potential risk where people remove the cover haphazardly and break the cables, I moved the PCBs to the board, and left the Back Cover clean.
The decision with the most impact would probably be number 6. Initially I just thought of making the enclosure in a way that "worked" and call it a day. Long print times or removing a lot of support structure is not a problem if you are making 3 units. But, we are making 35 :) . So, I had to slice open the enclosure so to speak, in a way that 3D printing would work as efficiently as possible.
The design for this device was heavily influenced by function. There are a few critical considerations, among them:
It will be located outdoors, therefore it should be of a rugged material
The body should reflect as much sunlight as possible, to prevent it from warming up inside
It will has a number of antennas, and the farther apart they are from each other, the better
There has to be air intake for the gas sensors
The solar cells determine the minimum dimensions of the unit
I have seen many units with the solar panels in a separated component. However, I wanted to make this one as portable and sturdy as possible, so I went for the "uni-body". An additional advantage is that the oversized dimensions of the solar panel allow for a roomie interior, which helps air circulation for the sensors.
Before working on any sketches, I wanted to explore a bit the possible array inside. We have a main board with a bunch of sub-boards, a big battery, some cables, and that's it.
Once I had the ideal array for function and production, time to sketch some possibilities. These were some of the first sketches:
A very important part is the Stevenson screen, which is a specific "enclosure to meteorological instruments against precipitation and direct heat radiation from outside sources, while still allowing air to circulate freely around them". So, adding the blinds to the enclosure was the next step:
The design looked pretty doable, so I quickly moved on to the development stage.
Carefully snap in the connectors the two small Temperature and Humidity, and Environment & Air Quality modules (RAK1901 and RAK1906) as per the image
Carefully snap in the LoRaWAN module (RAK4631) and the GSM module (RAK13101) as per the image
Use the provided screws to fasten all the boards
Snap on all the provided antennas
2
MiCS Sensor
Insert the male headers onto the RAK board as per the photo
Solder the MiCS Sensor module to the RAK board
Trim away any excess header material
3
Soldering the solar cells
Cut approximately 10 cm of black and red wire and strip them it on both sides
The wires must be soldered within the "bus" area of the solar cell only (the bar across the cell)
To the middle of the bus, scrape off a little area to remove the protective film, and add a little solder to the cleared area.
Solder each wire to the solar cell, making sure to have the right polarity (Positive or red, is the one with the wider lines at the end, please see image)