The principal organic constituents of saliva are mucus and urea. Urea nitrogen comprises about 77% of total nitrogen in saliva. When cattle drink water from river they contaminate it because their saliva is exposed to it. The total volume of saliva from the repeated exposure and number of animals will result in enough amount of nitrogen to harm the river because too much nitrogen can lead to excessive growth of algae, which can deteriorate river habitats.   

This project is about building a device that prevents the saliva of cattle from entering to a river when the cattle drink from the river. This is done by installing a simple belt on the neck of each livestock that has a structure which hangs on the lower part of the mouth of the livestock having a small cup like structure that is used to store river water and where they drink on entered via a non-return valve that allows river water but not saliva out of the container in to the river. Meaning the NRV will allow flow of water from the river to the container where the livestock drink on and the saliva that is mixed with the water found inside the small cup that hangs on the livestock will be forced to stay inside the container because of the NRV separating the mixing of the saliva and the river water.

This project is project continuum of the project Anteneh's Overgrazing Shield which you can see via https://hackaday.io/project/178403-antenehs-overgrazing-shield or https://hackaday.com/2021/05/03/keep-livestock-from-razing-your-field-with-an-overgrazing-shield