First up are the specs and the initial simulations of the analog front end—arguably the most critical part of the entire power supply. This stage ultimately determines how clean, stable, and accurate each channel can be.
The target specs for this design were ambitious:
- 4 fully isolated channels
- 0–30 V output range with 1 mV resolution
- 0–5 A output range with 1 mA resolution
- Up to 150 W per channel
- Low-noise performance, aiming for < 2 mV RMS
- Channels that can be stacked in series thanks to full galvanic isolation
A proper bench PSU needs to do several things reliably:
- Accurately regulate voltage across the full range
- Maintain precise current limiting and current regulation
- Protect itself and the load during fault or overload conditions
- Recover gracefully from shorts, dynamic load changes, and transient events
The analog front end is what makes all of that possible. It sets the noise floor, stability, loop response, and overall behavior of each channel.
The architecture is structured as follows: the system uses a toroidal transformer with five output taps—four high-voltage taps at approximately 40 V RMS for the power supply channels, and a lower-voltage 14 V RMS tap dedicated to powering the front-panel controller. Each of the four PSU channels operates independently, handling its own voltage and current regulation while reporting real-time measurements back to the main controller.
Communication between the main controller and each PSU module is handled over an isolated SPI bus, ensuring channel-to-channel galvanic isolation is maintained. The front panel uses a slightly more powerful microcontroller to manage the display, button polling, rotary encoders, communication with all PSU channels, and the user-interface logic.
So far, the system has been running very smoothly, thanks in part to heavy use of interrupts to keep everything responsive without blocking operations.
ISAI B
This looks great. I am interested in knowing how you designed and manufactured the buttons.