Node Based Water Monitoring Network

Having developed some ideas surrounding the Sensors, the design for the Monitoring Station needs to be considered, in order to allow them to interface. The system will use RTC to synchronise transmission between nodes in a sequential order, with the furthest away first, adding data to the packet one by one until it reaches the Monitoring Station. This means all the unit has to do is receive the raw data, process it and then interface with the internet and also the user. Based on that I have produced a block diagram of the system operation.

So in essence the hardware will be similar, however a MCU will also be incorporated to interface with the LCD and HTTP stack.

This project aims to create a modified mesh network of small sensors, placed in water sources across developing areas, in order to effectively monitor the water quality in the region.

Firstly I'm going to talk about the sensors themselves.

These are small low power devices located at a water source. The electrode is submerged allowing the device to monitor water purity. This is carried out using a current sense circuit that measures the conductance of the water. The raw data is captured and sent over long range Wi-Fi connection to the next node, finally reaching the monitoring station. Readings are taken at regular intervals set through the RTC, allowing the node to be in deep sleep when not in use. This should allow for a long battery life. The block diagram can be seen below.

• No MCU - The SoC can run custom LUA scripts that will utilise the on-board GPIO and ADC to read the sensor data
• Range - With line of sight the module was tested to just under 5km using a large enough antenna, a standard duck antenna yields a range of around 500m, either way this is not a SoC dependant factor.
• Cost - This SoC is low cost, at around $2 per system.
• Support - This module is rather 'hot' right now and has its own forum and site dedicated to supporting it, more than most.

Now moving on to the network itself, I have produced a graphic outlining the operation.

This will allow us to effectively monitor large remote areas for water purity and analyse data over long periods of time. All processing will be done by the monitoring station, the sensor will just transmit it's raw data. Obviously it will be linked to the cloud allowing multiple stations to contribute to a wider overall picture of the water quality in the region.

Thanks for reading, please leave any comments below!