Build Instructions

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• 1

  PCB ASSEMBLY PROCESS

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  • The PCB assembly process begins by applying solder paste to each SMD component pad one at a time with a solder paste dispensing syringe.
  • We then use an ESD Tweezer to pick and install each component in its proper location.
  • The PCB is then placed on the reflow hotplate, which heats it from below up to the solder paste melting temperature in order to melt the solder paste and permanently solder all of the SMD component pads.
  • We then replaced them with through-hole components such as push buttons, a CON7 header pin for the XIAO Dev board, a DC barrel jack connector, and an OLED display.
  • The board is then flipped over, and all through-hole components and pads are soldered to the PCB with a soldering iron.
  • Finally, we install the XIAO ESO32 S3 DEV Board over the CON7 Header Pin Connector.
• 2

  CODE

  Now let's have a look at aour code and it's a simple one.

  #include <Wire.h>
  #include <Adafruit_GFX.h>
  #include <Adafruit_SSD1306.h>
  // OLED display dimensions
  #define OLED_WIDTH 128
  #define OLED_HEIGHT 64
  #define OLED_ADDR 0x3C
  Adafruit_SSD1306 display(OLED_WIDTH, OLED_HEIGHT);
  // Define pins
  #define MOTOR_PIN D10
  #define START_STOP_BUTTON_PIN D1
  #define ADD_TIME_BUTTON_PIN D6
  #define SUBTRACT_TIME_BUTTON_PIN D3
  // Motor timer variables
  unsigned long motorRunTime = 60000; // Default 1 minute in milliseconds
  unsigned long timeAdjustment = 10000; // 10 seconds in milliseconds
  bool motorRunning = false; // Motor state
  unsigned long motorStartTime;
  // Button state tracking
  bool lastStartStopButtonState = HIGH;
  bool buttonPressed = false;
  bool lastAddTimeButtonState = HIGH;
  bool lastSubtractTimeButtonState = HIGH;
  void setup() {
  // Motor and button pins setup
  pinMode(MOTOR_PIN, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(MOTOR_PIN, LOW); // Ensure motor is off at startup
  pinMode(START_STOP_BUTTON_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(ADD_TIME_BUTTON_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(SUBTRACT_TIME_BUTTON_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);
  // Serial communication setup
  Serial.begin(115200);
  // OLED display setup using your example method
  if (!display.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, OLED_ADDR)) { // Initialize display
  Serial.println(F("SSD1306 allocation failed"));
  for (;;); // Halt execution if OLED fails
  }
  // Initial display output
  display.clearDisplay();
  display.setTextSize(1);
  display.setTextColor(WHITE);
  display.setCursor(10, 20); // Adjust cursor for centering the single-line text
  display.println(F("Paper Mache Maker"));
  display.display();
  delay(2000); // Hold the welcome screen for 2 seconds
  updateDisplay(); // Display the initial timer value
  }
  // Function to update the OLED display with the current time
  void updateDisplay() {
  display.clearDisplay();
  display.setTextSize(2);
  display.setTextColor(WHITE);
  display.setCursor(5, 20); // Moved closer to the left
  display.print("Time: ");
  display.print(motorRunTime / 1000); // Time in seconds
  display.print("s");
  display.display();
  }
  void loop() {
  // Handle Start/Stop button
  bool currentStartStopButtonState = digitalRead(START_STOP_BUTTON_PIN);
  if (currentStartStopButtonState == LOW && lastStartStopButtonState == HIGH) {
  buttonPressed = true; // Button pressed
  }
  if (currentStartStopButtonState == HIGH && lastStartStopButtonState == LOW && buttonPressed) {
  motorRunning = !motorRunning; // Toggle motor state
  if (motorRunning) {
  motorStartTime = millis();
  digitalWrite(MOTOR_PIN, HIGH); // Turn on motor
  Serial.println("Motor started.");
  } else {
  digitalWrite(MOTOR_PIN, LOW); // Turn off motor
  Serial.println("Motor stopped.");
  }
  buttonPressed = false; // Reset the flag
  }
  lastStartStopButtonState = currentStartStopButtonState;
  // Handle Add Time button
  bool currentAddTimeButtonState = digitalRead(ADD_TIME_BUTTON_PIN);
  if (currentAddTimeButtonState == LOW && lastAddTimeButtonState == HIGH) {
  motorRunTime += timeAdjustment;
  updateDisplay(); // Update the time on the display
  delay(50); // Debounce
  }
  lastAddTimeButtonState = currentAddTimeButtonState;
  // Handle Subtract Time button
  bool currentSubtractTimeButtonState = digitalRead(SUBTRACT_TIME_BUTTON_PIN);
  if (currentSubtractTimeButtonState == LOW && lastSubtractTimeButtonState == HIGH) {
  if (motorRunTime > timeAdjustment) {
  motorRunTime -= timeAdjustment;
  updateDisplay(); // Update the time on the display
  } else {
  Serial.println("Cannot reduce time below 0.");
  }
  delay(50); // Debounce
  }
  lastSubtractTimeButtonState = currentSubtractTimeButtonState;
  // Countdown Timer and Motor Off
  if (motorRunning) {
  if (millis() - motorStartTime >= motorRunTime) {
  motorRunning = false;
  digitalWrite(MOTOR_PIN, LOW); // Turn off motor
  Serial.println("Motor stopped automatically after timeout.");
  updateDisplay(); // Reset display after timeout
  } else {
  unsigned long timeLeft = (motorRunTime - (millis() - motorStartTime)) / 1000;
  display.clearDisplay();
  display.setTextSize(2);
  display.setTextColor(WHITE);
  display.setCursor(5, 20); // Timer display moved closer to the left
  display.print("Time: ");
  display.print(timeLeft);
  display.print("s");
  display.display();
  }
  }
  }

• 3

  MOTOR TEST

  

  

  After uploading code to our Motor Driver board, we used a soldering iron to connect a 12V Gear Motor to our Circuit's Motor connector.

  A 12V power supply is linked via the onboard Barrel DC connector.

  We set the run time using the Timer+ and Time- buttons, which is displayed on the LCD screen, and the motor begins to rotate when we push the Start/Stop button.

  This demonstration confirms that our setup is operational, and we can now proceed to the body assembly procedure.

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