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• Upgraded the BIOS to UEFI and installed openSUSE Leap 16.0

  Ken Yap • 11/03/2025 at 09:59 • 0 comments

  I actually hadn't been using this Chromebox for a while since the large monitor is connected to the Linux workhorse in my living room and that's where I do my software and hardware hacking these days. I decided to take the Chromebox out of retirement and install a fresh OS to check that it was still working.

  First I upgraded the BIOS to UEFI firmware using MrChromebox's install script. Running a legacy BIOS irked me.

  Then I plugged in a flash drive containing the install image for openSUSE Leap 16.0, booted to that and chose the install option.

  The installer is different in 16.0 from older releases. I made the appropriate configuration choices and clicked Install. After a few minutes it completed with no issues and I rebooted to 16.0.

  I couldn't find the familiar YaST to enable the openssh server. So I did it from the command line:

  sudo systemctl enable sshd
  sudo systemctl start sshd

  Declare success and quit while I'm ahead.

• Upgraded to the max

  Ken Yap • 10/01/2020 at 23:06 • 0 comments

  Getting tired of my current Intel NUC suffering graphics glitches and once in a while locking the screen requiring a couple of Ctrl-Alt-Backspaces to kill the X server (and losing my session). Probably some bug in the X drivers for the Intel video hardware. So I will move my desktop to this Chromebox.

  To that end I bought a 250 GB SSD in M.2 2242 form factor. This is quite a short card, only 42 mm long as the form factor indicates. That's the largest I could easily get but should be adequate for desktop use as most of my files are on a workhorse machine. I also bought a 2x8GB kit to bring the RAM up to 16GB, the max supported. With the i7 CPU this is going to be a powerful machine for the small size. Pretty good outcome for rescued hardware.
  

  Installed openSUSE Leap 15.2 on it last night and currently burning in.

  A few weeks later: Burn in finished, all stable so I have moved my desktop to this Chromebox. Among other things I also had to transfer the udev rules for various USB devices like the Arduino Uno, STlink dongle, and so forth. Feels smooth and zippy. 😀👍

• Running openSUSE Leap 15.2

  Ken Yap • 07/04/2020 at 12:39 • 0 comments

  Being a slow night here at the cattery, I decided to boot the recently released openSUSE Leap 15.2 on it.

  First I needed to connect up the peripherals. Here is the usual mess:

  I downloaded the live KDE ISO image, wrote to a USB flash stick with imagewriter, and booted to it from the BIOS menu. After a long boot (it was a USB 2 stick), I got a live desktop:

  The time is wrong because the time zone hasn't been set. Not terribly exciting but it shows that Leap 15.2 works fine. I don't expect major problems when I install 15.2 on my soon to arrive new workhorse. Shh, don't tell my old workhorse that, it might go into a huff.
  

• No more rubber band

  Ken Yap • 01/29/2020 at 06:31 • 0 comments

  Found a power supply in the recycling bin with the correct barrel connector. Now I can ditch the rubber band. 📣😺

• Marking as completed

  Ken Yap • 01/19/2020 at 21:44 • 0 comments

  Marking this project as completed as it's working as well as possible with the hardware on hand. Any modifications in future are of the nature of upgrades (RAM, SSD, BIOS) etc.
  

• Going straight into legacy boot

  Ken Yap • 01/19/2020 at 11:08 • 0 comments

  Now that ChromeOS is no longer of interest, we want to boot openSUSE as soon as possible after power on without any keystrokes.

  To do this I needed to alter the boot options (GBB flags) as explained by MrChromebox. When I ran the script under openSUSE, the script couldn't read the settings and instructed me to add the kernel parameter iomem=relaxed, or to use a live USB distro. No doubt one layer of kernel protection needs to be bypassed to use this tool. This was fairly easy to do, I just added this option to the end of the GRUB options to the kernel next boot.

  Then when I tried to alter the boot flags, it told me write protection was on. The red [WP] should have alerted me to that. I opened up the box and followed the instructions in the Kodi wiki for disabling the hardware write protect, which is a screw bridge on the motherboard.

  By setting a boot option I was able to select 1 second timeout at the Chrome boot script, then going straight to legacy boot without requiring Ctrl-l. It's still possible to type Ctrl-d or Ctrl-l in that 1 second but I don't expect to need it.

  I also reinstalled the FW_LEGACY firmware to boot the internal SDD first. This can also be interrupted by typing ESC. I discovered that when I had an external USB SDD plugged in, it tried to boot that first.

  So now the machine can boot openSUSE unattended. I'll leave it like this and not install the custom firmware for now as that has a minuscule chance of bricking the box. The other reason not to change to the custom firmware at the moment is that it's a UEFI BIOS which means that the openSUSE will have to be resintalled as UEFI requires a different partition layout.
  

• I ditch GalliumOS and pivot to openSUSE

  Ken Yap • 01/18/2020 at 23:20 • 0 comments

  GalliumOS works fine, but the desktop is based on Xfce and I prefer a richer desktop environment. I use KDE on my other machines. Since the hardware is actually quite PC compatible I decided to see if I could install openSUSE Leap 15.1 on it, the same version running on my other machines.

  I plugged in a USB stick that had the openSUSE ISO written on it, booted, and it took me through the install process, I accepted most of the defaults, the major change being using ext4 instead of btrfs for the filesystem as the latter is incompatible with boot block in MBR. It all worked including the wired Ethernet.
  

  I was worried it wouldn't fit on the SSD but in the end it used up about half of the slightly less than 16 GB on the SSD. Of course if I start installing software it will be a different story. Also /home is on the same SSD.
  

  So at the moment these are things I want to improve:

  • Plug in a spare external SSD from upgrades on other computers that is in a 2.5 inch disk form factor enclosure for /home. Maybe get a bigger M2 SSD in the future.
  • Fix the firmware so that it goes straight to the legacy BIOS on power up. Apparently this is possible by changing the Boot Options (GBB flags) with MrChromebox's firmware script. Or else replace the BIOS with a custom one.
  • Maybe get a proper power supply if I get sick of seeing the rubber band.

• I get the wired Ethernet working on GalliumOS

  Ken Yap • 01/18/2020 at 22:51 • 2 comments

  One oddity is that the wired Ethernet doesn't work under GalliumOS. ifconfig shows no wired interface, only the wireless one. ChromeOS had the wired Ethernet running so it's not a matter of no driver available. A search found a complaint by somebody who got various Linux distros running with a working wired interface, with the exception of Ubuntu. What is it about Ubuntu, which GalliumOS is derived from?

  Most likely the driver is in a package not in the ISO, and this has to be installed separately. lspci shows that the Ethernet chip is a Realtek r8168. apt search r8168 turns up a package called r8168-dkms. DKMS is Dynamic Kernel Module Support. This means the driver contains a binary blob or something which makes it impossible for GPL purists to distribute as a binary package. Instead the driver source files are distributed in a package that recompiles the driver against the current kernel when installed or when the kernel is changed.

  Installing the package still didn't get me a driver. There was no driver in the the current kernel modules, but there was something matching in an unrelated directory. There was a message towards the end about failure to recreate the initrd. I looked at the error message left in the install log and it turns out that I need to install libelf-dev. Then I ran dpkg-reconfigure r8168-dkms and this time it created a r8168.ko in the current kernel modules.

  Still not out of the woods yet. For some reason the interface doesn't come up on boot, but doing ifconfig r8168 works. I'll have to look at this later.
  

• I fail to boot GalliumOS from USB, until...

  Ken Yap • 01/18/2020 at 12:51 • 0 comments

  So I wrote the GalliumOS ISO image to the USB stick again and boot with it. Even though I press Ctrl-U to boot from USB, nothing happens.

  Some searching found something about the firmware not recognising the USB ports during the boot process. There are updated firmware images at MrChromebox. I download the script with curl as directed and run it (it requires bash, not sh). It then presented me with the option of either updating the RW_LEGACY firmware which is based on SeaBIOS, or installing a full custom firmware. The former is safe so I decided to try that first.

  The firmware upgrade takes and I power cycled and wait for it to boot GalliumOS. Still no joy. Even if I type Ctrl-U it does nothing.
  

  Some searching uncovers the fact that there are actually two sets of firmware onboard, the ChromeOS loader and the legacy BIOS loader which is more similar to PC firmware. To get the legacy loader I have to type Ctrl-l.

  Bingo! It boots from the USB stick, fairly quickly I must say, and gives me a live desktop. I decide to run the installer right away to put GalliumOS on the SSD.

  I am presented with a dialog giving me a choice of WiFi APs to log into so that I can install and upgrade to the latest package versions as well as install any 3rd party software. But I still can't login to my AP. Is the Chromebox in a WiFi shadow? It's in the same room but almost vertically below the AP.

  Ahhh, the MAC filter! I have the MAC filter enabled on my AP so that only my devices can use the AP, an additional layer of protection to the password. I added the MAC address of the Chromebox to the table, and this time I can connect.

  The install was fairly quick, considering the slow speed of the USB2 stick. I ended up with the GalliumOS desktop.

  Success! I think I'll call it a day. I still have to work out how to make legacy BIOS the default on power up so that I don't have to type Ctrl-l. Maybe replace the legacy BIOS with the custom BIOS, which cannot boot ChromeOS, but I don't care about that now. I must also see if I can install another SSD inside for a /home partition, 16 GB isn't a lot after the OS has taken its share.
  

• ChromeOS is useless (to me)

  Ken Yap • 01/18/2020 at 12:25 • 0 comments

  I booted up ChromeOS (so the RAM is good) and it started off by telling me I could configure Google Hangouts. Hmm?

  First I adjusted the timezone and locale language and clicked on Let's go. It proceeded to ask me to connect to a wireless AP. Unfortunately this didn't work (I discover later it's my own fault), but I do manage to connect up the wired Ethernet to my switch (so that works too).

  It then said it would restore the saved settings. But I don't have any saved settings? It asked me for an Enterprise login. Well, I'm enterprising, but I'm not an enterprise. I have no idea who the device was registered to. Just for kicks I clicked on Forgot password, and it took me through various dialogues before allowing me to login with my personal Google account. It then said I had no permissions on this hardware.

  I think I understand what's going on. These boxes are intended as mass deployment devices that can be controlled by the administrator in an organisation. When such a device is registered to the Enterprise, the OS can be restored by going through the steps I did and then it will restore the organisation settings. It also means the device is useless for running ChromeOS by anybody who is not in the organisation, so no good stealing one. Unless you have the nous to install a different OS on it.

  Well that settles it then, I can wipe ChromeOS and install GalliumOS without any regret. I also discover that for the CN60 ChromeOS update support ended Sep 2019. Maybe that's why it was thrown out.
  

  Before I proceed with that I get a console session with Ctrl-Alt-F2. By using the CLI commands: cat /proc/cpuinfo, free, and dmesg I find out more about the hardware specs. It turns out the processor is a 4-core Intel i7-4600U. It has 4 GB of RAM, a Gb Ethernet interface as well as WiFi interface. There is a 16 GB SSD. It's M2 form factor and it's easy to get a larger one for not much money now. The RAM can be increased too.
  

  Wow, that's a much better device than I had expected. Great incentive to continue.
  

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